General industrial solid waste treatment scheme

Compaction technology

Compaction is a pre-treatment technology by reducing the volume of waste, reducing transportation costs, and extending the life of landfills. Compaction is a commonly used pretreatment method for solid waste, such as automobiles, cans, plastic bottles, etc. Usually, compaction is used first. Solid waste suitable for compaction and volume reduction treatment should not be compacted. Some wastes that may cause operational problems, such as tar, sludge, or liquid materials, Generally, compaction is not suitable.

Crushing technology

In order to reduce the appearance of wastes entering incinerators, landfills, composting systems and other wastes, it is necessary to crush the solid wastes in advance. Because of the elimination of large gaps, the wastes after crushing treatment are not only uniform in size, but also uniform in texture, and compacted during the landfill process. There are many crushing methods for solid waste, mainly including impact crushing, shear crushing, extrusion crushing, friction crushing, and proprietary low-temperature crushing and mixed crushing. The solid waste crusher which is widely used and effective is the shear crusher. For landfill and compost waste, the spiral roll crusher is more effective.

Sorting technology

Solid waste sorting is an important means to realize the recycling and reduction of solid waste. Through sorting, useful waste can be fully selected and used, and harmful waste can be fully separated; The other is to separate the wastes with different particle sizes. The basic principle of separation is to use the differences in some aspects of materials to separate them. For example, the magnetic and non-magnetic differences in waste are used for separation; The particle size difference is used for separation; Use the specific gravity difference for separation, etc. According to different properties, various machines can be designed and manufactured to sort solid wastes, including manual sorting, screening, gravity sorting, magnetic sorting, eddy current sorting, optical sorting, etc.

Curing treatment technology

Curing technology is a harmless treatment process leading to the addition of solidified base materials to wastes, so that hazardous solid wastes can be fixed or contained in inert solidified base materials. The treated solidified products should have good impermeability, good mechanical properties, leaching resistance, resistance to dry and wet, and resistance to freezing and thawing. According to the different solidified base materials, the curing treatment can be divided into sedimentation, asphalt curing, glass curing, and resin curing.

Incineration and pyrolysis technology

Incineration is a comprehensive treatment process of high temperature decomposition and deep oxidation of solid waste, which benefits from the decomposition of a large number of harmful wastes into harmless substances. Due to the increasing proportion of combustibles in solid wastes, it has become a development trend to treat solid wastes by incineration and utilize their heat energy. With this treatment method, solid wastes occupy less land and have a large treatment capacity. In order to protect the environment, incineration plants are mostly located in large cities with more than 100000 people, and energy recovery systems are set up. Due to the shortage of land in Japan, incineration methods are gradually increasing. The heat energy obtained from incineration can be used for power generation, and the heat produced by incinerators can be used for heating residents and maintaining greenhouse temperature. At present, Japan and Switzerland burn more than 65% of urban waste every year to regenerate energy. However, the incineration method also has disadvantages, such as large investment, secondary pollution caused by smoke exhaust during incineration, serious corrosion of equipment, etc. Pyrolysis is to heat organic matter at high temperature (1000 ℃～ 1200 ℃) under anaerobic or anoxic conditions, so that it can be decomposed into gas, liquid and solid products. Compared with incineration, pyrolysis is a more promising treatment method. Its significant advantages are that the investment in infrastructure is small, and the gas generated after pyrolysis can be used as fuel.

Biological treatment technology

Biological treatment technology is an effective technical method to solidify waste resources, which can convert organic solid waste into energy, food, feed and fertilizer through harmless decomposition of organic solid waste by microorganisms. It can also be used to extract metals from waste products and residues. At present, it is widely used in composting, biogas production, sugar production from waste cellulose, feed production from waste fiber, bioleaching, etc.